The odd world distribution of ancient Haplogroup X Mitochondrial DNA

[jedague]

5. Haplogroup X Mitochondrial DNA

This is very odd indeed. One study concluded that the X haplogroup is very ancient, but the estimated time of the divergence from European X haplogroup varied substantially, it depends upon the number of founders involved, it would be impossible to estimate accurately.

Here's an interesting connection between the areas where X haplogroup is found. From 6,500 to 5,400 years before present, copper was being mined around Lake Michigan, this date was measured using metal residue found in lake sediments. The amount of copper that was mined was massive. This mining operation at Lake Michigan was going on a few hundred years after the Yamnaya began their conquest of Europe. This conquest created a cultural collapse among the people of Southeastern Europe, these people had migrated into Europe from the Anatolian Peninsula where the European X haplogroup is found. At that time the people in Southeast Europe were involved in some industry of making copper objects. It certainly suggests that there may have been pre-Columbian contact between Anatolia and North America. If Michigan copper was being shipped to Anatolia, the Yamnaya may have invaded Europe searching for the source of Anatolian copper, or the copper may have been used by the Anatolians to create weapons to combat the Yamnaya.