Speaking of Intolerance...

[zipplewrath]

5. You've just about defined every governmental authority in the world.

Women are treated differently, and generally they consider it inferior in almost every country on earth. Some vastly worse than others though.

There are ranges of ideas that are "tolerated" in societies. Any outside of those are in someways restricted. More so in some countries than others. Most can "ban" certain ideas from being discussed in various public contexts.

Immunity: Almost every country extends some sort of immunity, especially for "leaders" (or at least the powerful). It is more formal in some contexts than others.

Restriction of personal lives: Most societies demand that you conform to a set of "normalities" especially in intimate relationships. Polygamy, homosexuality, beastiality, pedophilia, etc. are variably restricted or outright banned in most countries to some extent or another.

Attempting to control those not in the group: This is the toughest one since the definition of "group" needs some work. Every country restricts what non-citizens can do. Many countries restrict what various members outside of some defined group within the citizens can do. Age, gender, ethnicity, and in some countries, military or police members have "special" privileges that others do not.

Threatening punishment: That's pretty much how most legal systems work. Most of us avoid going anywhere near the legal system because it involves a threat of "losing". Our drug war, and it's tendency to criminalize behavior that is difficult to justify being criminal is just one example.

Of course we have the benefit in this country, and western European countries of electing those that do these things. In much of the world this is not true. In this country right now there are alot of discussions about just how much the rich and powerful actually do the choosing.

You make allusions to religious organizations which in effect become "extra-governmental" authorities. Of course this exists because for a significant time, they were in the hierarchy of governmental authority. Today, it is why countries like China aren't fond of institutions like the Catholic church, because they represent challenges to their authority.